济南市社区居民膳食营养状况研究

目的探讨城市社区居民膳食营养状况及存在的营养问题。方法采用食物频率问卷和24h回顾的膳食调查方法进行调查。结果平均每人每日摄取食物为1262±95g,其中食用油脂、豆类、动物性食物摄取量超过中国居民膳食指南建议数值,蔬菜、水果、奶类摄入偏低;男性水果、奶类、鱼虾类食物的摄取量低于女性。谷类、蔬菜、酒类的摄取量高于女性,干部组男性日平均摄入酒类125g;退休组人均热能摄入偏高,占RDA的116．0％,工人组则占RDA的82．6％;维生素A、B     

硒在营养支持中的作用及其研究进展

本文就硒的生理作用,缺乏硒的临床表现,硒代谢异常与各种疾病的关系,硒在营养支持中的作用补充本时的注意事项进行了综述,旨在进一步阐明硒在营养支持中的作用。     

Classification of normal and pathological tremors using a multidimensional electromagnetic system

A new multidimensional movement analysis system was used to record limb tremor over six degrees-of-freedom, and signal processing techniques were explored to develop a suitable classification method to distinguish between different types of tremor. The specific aims were to investigate the ability of the system to screen for differences between normal subjects and a group of neurological patients, and then to differentiate between three diagnostic groups of patients.

Postural tremor at the hand was recorded in normal subjects (n=24) and patients with essential tremor (n=21), multiple sclerosis (n=17) and parkinsonism (n=19). Data were collected using a 3Space Fastrak^® (Polhemus, Inc.) over six degrees-of-freedom (three translational directions and three rotations). Spectral estimates produced measures of tremor frequency and amplitude. Mathematical models of the data, using autoregressive modelling and K-nearest neighbour classification, produced parameters used to classify, (1) the normal subjects and 24 patients (using the three rotational movements), and (2) the three patient groups (using all six movement directions). Results were given in terms of the probability of each subject belonging to the groups being classified.

Tremor frequency and amplitude showed large overlap between the groups. The screening classification produced high probabilities of correctly classifying normal subjects (>70%) and patients (>70%). The diagnostic classification produced clear differences between the patient groups (60% for essential tremor, 80% for multiple sclerosis and 60% for parkinsonism).

The ability of this assessment technique to distinguish between postural tremor in normal subjects and neurological patients suggests that it could be developed as a screening tool. Classification of tremors between the patients groups, with a high degree of sensitivity, indicates the potential for further development of the system as a diagnostic aid.     

Receptor-recycling model of clearance and distribution of insulin in the perfused mouse liver

Summary After perfusion of mouse livers with A₁₄-¹²⁵I-insulin for designated intervals, an acid-wash technique was employed to separately measure the surface-bound (X_s) and intracellular (X_i) A₁₄-¹²⁵I-insulin, as well as intracellular degradation products (X_deg) of labelled insulin. From the perfusate concentrations (C_p) of A₁₄-¹²⁵I-insulin, the apparent intrinsic hepatic clearance of labelled insulin at a high dose (0.2 nmol/l) was shown to be 60% smaller than that at a low dose (0.018 nmol/l), indicating that the cellular uptake of insulin is remarkably nonlinear at the concentration range examined. From the time courses of C_p, X_s, X_i and X_deg, the hepatic insulin disposition was shown to be largely accounted for by the receptor-mediated endocytosis. The observed data at the low dose were analysed to estimate biochemical parameters, (i.e., total receptor number, endocytotic rate constant and intracellular degradation rate constant) according to receptor-recycling and non-receptor-recycling models, using a computer-aided optimization procedure. The receptor-recycling model could not only adequately explain the C_p, X_s, X_i and X_deg at the low dose, but also predict the C_p at the high dose. On the other hand, a non-receptor-recycling model, in which recycling of receptors was not assumed, could also explain the observed data at the low dose, but failed to predict the C_p at the high dose, indicating that the receptor recycling process is necessary to explain the hepatic insulin clearance at high insulin concentrations, at which hepatic insulin clearance should be limited by the rate of receptor recycling. However, the applicability of our model might be limited within the physiologic insulin concentrations, because of the negative co-operativity of insulin-receptor interaction and a high-capacity, non-degradative and more rapidly recycling pathway for receptors that may occur at high concentrations of insulin. In conclusion, we have developed a mathematical model of hepatic insulin clearance and distribution under physiological conditions, including receptor binding, receptor-mediated endocytosis and receptor recycling, which has been so far demonstrated using isolated hepatocytes.     

Pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel-containing liposomes in rats

In animal models, liposomal formulations of paclitaxel possess lower toxicity and equal antitumor efficacy compared with the clinical formulation, Taxol. The goal of this study was to determine the formulation dependence of paclitaxel pharmacokinetics in rats, in order to test the hypothesis that altered biodistribution of paclitaxel modifies the exposure of critical normal tissues. Paclitaxel was administered intravenously in either multilamellar (MLV) liposomes composed of phosphatidylglycerol/phosphatidylcholine (L-pac) or in the Cremophor EL/ethanol vehicle used for the Taxol formulation (Cre-pac). The dose was 40 mg/kg, and the infusion time was 8 to 9 minutes. Animals were killed at various times, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from the blood and tissue distribution of paclitaxel. The area under the concentration vs time curve (AUC) for blood was similar for the 2 formulations (L-pac: 38.1±3.32 μg-h/mL; Cre-pac: 34.5±0.994 μg-h/mL), however, the AUC for various tissues was formulation-dependent. For bone marrow, skin, kidney, brain, adipose, and muscle tissue, the AUC was statistically higher for Cre-pac. For spleen, a tissue of the reticuloendothelial system that is important in the clearance of liposomes, the AUC was statistically higher for L-pac. Apparent tissue partition coefficients (K_p) also were calculated. For bone marrow, a tissue in which paclitaxel exerts significant toxicity, K_p was 5-fold greater for paclitaxel in Cre-pac. The data are consistent with paclitaxel release from circulating liposomes, but with efflux delayed sufficiently to retain drug to a greater extent in the central (blood) compartment and reduce penetration into peripheral tissues. These effects may contribute to the reduced toxicity of liposomal formulations of paclitaxel.     

复合核黄素阻断治疗食管癌前增生的效果评价(报告之四)

作者曾报告在鹤壁市郊用复合核黄素阻断治疗食管癌前增生，初试断续12年，累积癌变率为5．8％（8／137），而相应时间的自然癌变率为14．9％（79／530）。又重复试验3年，总体及重增癌抑制率为57．1％及63．3％（P＜0．05）。现报告停疗2年复查结果：总体及重增癌抑制率分别降至33．3％及50．7％（P＞0．2）。各级人群分别统计结果发现：复合核黄素癌阻断作用因增生级别而异，在治疗期SSI的癌抑制率为68．4％（P＜0．05），停疗后仍有54．7％（X2＝3．82），对其他各级作用均不明显（P＞0．2）。从而提示复合核黄素主要抑制早期重增癌变，且必需长期坚持服用，方有使发病及死亡率下降可能。     

不同营养支持途径对老年消化道肿瘤病人术后营养免疫状况的影响

目的　比较肠内(enteralnutrion,EN)、肠外营养(parenteralnutrition, PN)联合应用(EN+PN)和单用肠外营养(PN)对老年消化道肿瘤病人术后营养免疫状况的影响。方法　将40例老年消化道肿瘤病人随机分为肠内、肠外营养联合应用(EN+PN)组和肠外营养(PN)组,每组20例。术后第1天开始给予同热量、等氮量的营养支持一周,并检测术前和术后第8天营养指标、免疫指标。结果　两组病人术后第8天的体重均较术前下降,两组间无差异(P>0. 05),两组病人经营养支持后营养指标明显升高, (P<0. 05)。T淋巴细胞亚群在EN+PN组术后8天基本恢复到术前水平,而PN组与术前相比,尚有差异。结论　老年消化道肿瘤病人术后EN+PN或PN都能改善营养及免疫状态,EN+PN在提高机体免疫功能方面优于PN。术后早期EN是安全、可行和有效的。     

基于蓝牙技术的便携式微电脑多参数生理监护仪的研制

介绍了一种基于蓝牙技术的便携式微电脑多参数生理监护仪的工作原理、系统构成。该系统由2个Intel—196单片机构成双CPU系统，通过蓝牙发送、接收模块对信号进行无线传送，最终完成数据的采集、处理、显示，对病人进行实时监控。并可采用串行通讯的方式将数据送给PC机，对数据进行进一步的分析处理。     

高原单兵生理参数监测系统的研制

为了给平、战时伤员急救提供更为可靠的监测手段,同时为高原广大官兵平时的科学训练提供依据,研制了一套具有遥测功能的高原单兵生理参数监测系统。可在高原、高寒等恶劣环境下实时监测人体运动状态的血氧饱和度、脉搏和体温。     

农村儿童维生素A缺乏的调查与分析

目的 :了解农村儿童维生素 A的营养状况及其对健康的影响。方法 :采用现场调查、体格检查、血清实验室测定维生素 A含量的方法。结果 :在 2 2 5名 6个月～ 7岁农村儿童中 ,维生素 A缺乏达 2 3.1% ,临界缺乏达 4 4 .4 %。新鲜蔬菜摄入不足是主要原因。结论 :维生素 A缺乏使儿童的患病率增加。农村儿童维生素 A缺乏是一个较为严重的公共健康问题 ,应加强预防控制措施的研究及实施